Korean Language Notes #oo2: Topic & Subject Marking Particles (은&는/이&가)
I know the marking particles are so freaking confusing and hard to learn or even to understand. I had trouble understanding this part too. But I will try my best to explain :)
And yeah you're right, it's almost the same with TTMIK lessons.
TTMIK taught me a lot. And baby, i should warn you now, I'm not good in english. Sorryyyyyyy.
So let's start with...
TOPIC MARKING PARTICLES (TMP)
은 (eun) & 는 (neun)
Basically, topic marking particles' main role is to let the other people know what you are talking about or going to talk about, and TMP are attached after nouns.
은 & 는 are same but...
은 for words ending with a consonant / words ending with a consonant + 은
는 for words ending with a vowel / words ending with a vowel + 는
EXAMPLES:
가방 (ga-bang) + 은 (eun) = 가방은
책 (chaek) + 은 (eun) = 책은
나 (na) + 는 (neun) = 나는
저 (jeo) + 는 (neun) = 저는
대현은 학생입니다 (Daehyun-eun hak-saeng-ib-ni-da)
= Daehyun is a student / As for Daehyun... (He's) a student.
영재는 지금 공부해요 (Youngjae-neun ji-geum gong-bu-hae-yo)
= Youngjae is studying now / As for Youngjae... (He's) studying now
See that tricky part? Haha, let me tell you something. To make you understand, always imagine the meaning behind 은 & 는 = "As for..."
Why? Because you already know that 은 & 는 are TMP, so TMP will be used when you're trying to make "something" to be the topic of your conversations/sentences, this is an easy way for you to bold out the topic. If you look at my last example, you can know that Daehyun and Youngjae is the topic of the sentence/conversation.
You also use TMP when you want to change the topic or subject of a conversation.
I'm not good at explaining, omfg sorry.
SUBJECT MARKING PARTICLES (SMP)
이 (i) & 가 (ga)
So, 이/가 are attached to the end of a noun to let you know that it's the subject of the sentence.
이 & 가 are same but...
이 for words ending with a consonant / words ending with a consonant + 이
가 for words ending with a vowel / words ending with a vowel + 가
EXAMPLES:
책 (chaek) + 이 (i) = 책이
밥 (bab) + 이 (i) = 밥이
아이 (a-i) + 가 (ga) = 아이가
우유 (u-yu) + 가 (ga) = 우유가
Before I move to the sentences, I will explain a lil bit about SMP.
USUALLY (not always!) the subject of a korean sentence will be the same as the subject of an english sentence.
What is subject? Subject is what is doing or being the verb/adjective. To make everything easy, rewrite the sentence as a question and ask yourself "Who/What is (verb)ing?" or "Who/What is (adjective)?"
Here, I will show you some examples:
종업이 자요 (Jongup-i ja-yo)
= Jongup is sleeping
Now, ask yourself, "Who is sleeping?" Well, of course Jongup is the one who is sleeping! Right? So now you can see that Jongup is the Subject of the sentence!
Before I move the next example, some pronouns change a bit when the become subjects:
저 (I **formal**) = 제가
나 (I **informal**) = 내가
너 (You **informal**) = 네가, pronounced and sometimes spelled as 니가.
If you didnt change it, it will sounds weird and ugly, like seriously.
네가 예뻐요 (ne-ga ye-ppeo-yo)
= You're pretty
Now ask yourself, "Who is pretty?". Of course "YOU" are pretty. You can see that YOU is the subject of the sentence.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
So whenever you have a shift in the conversation, you’ll use the topic marking particle instead of the subject marking particle. When the topic of the particle hasn’t changed, you won’t use the topic marking particle, you’ll just continue to use the subject marking particle. However in reality, especially in conversation, the subject marking particle can be easily omitted. This is especially true when the subject of the conversation is obvious to both parties.
Okay, i guess that's it. If you have questions, you can always nudge me! Just leave me questions in the comments or cbox/tagboard! And i'm sorry because i'm not good in english and explaining. So yeah.
Good luck studying! :)
Labels: hangul, korean, notes, topic and subject marking particles
Korean Language Notes #oo2: Topic & Subject Marking Particles (은&는/이&가)
I know the marking particles are so freaking confusing and hard to learn or even to understand. I had trouble understanding this part too. But I will try my best to explain :)
And yeah you're right, it's almost the same with TTMIK lessons.
TTMIK taught me a lot. And baby, i should warn you now, I'm not good in english. Sorryyyyyyy.
So let's start with...
TOPIC MARKING PARTICLES (TMP)
은 (eun) & 는 (neun)
Basically, topic marking particles' main role is to let the other people know what you are talking about or going to talk about, and TMP are attached after nouns.
은 & 는 are same but...
은 for words ending with a consonant / words ending with a consonant + 은
는 for words ending with a vowel / words ending with a vowel + 는
EXAMPLES:
가방 (ga-bang) + 은 (eun) = 가방은
책 (chaek) + 은 (eun) = 책은
나 (na) + 는 (neun) = 나는
저 (jeo) + 는 (neun) = 저는
대현은 학생입니다 (Daehyun-eun hak-saeng-ib-ni-da)
= Daehyun is a student / As for Daehyun... (He's) a student.
영재는 지금 공부해요 (Youngjae-neun ji-geum gong-bu-hae-yo)
= Youngjae is studying now / As for Youngjae... (He's) studying now
See that tricky part? Haha, let me tell you something. To make you understand, always imagine the meaning behind 은 & 는 = "As for..."
Why? Because you already know that 은 & 는 are TMP, so TMP will be used when you're trying to make "something" to be the topic of your conversations/sentences, this is an easy way for you to bold out the topic. If you look at my last example, you can know that Daehyun and Youngjae is the topic of the sentence/conversation.
You also use TMP when you want to change the topic or subject of a conversation.
I'm not good at explaining, omfg sorry.
SUBJECT MARKING PARTICLES (SMP)
이 (i) & 가 (ga)
So, 이/가 are attached to the end of a noun to let you know that it's the subject of the sentence.
이 & 가 are same but...
이 for words ending with a consonant / words ending with a consonant + 이
가 for words ending with a vowel / words ending with a vowel + 가
EXAMPLES:
책 (chaek) + 이 (i) = 책이
밥 (bab) + 이 (i) = 밥이
아이 (a-i) + 가 (ga) = 아이가
우유 (u-yu) + 가 (ga) = 우유가
Before I move to the sentences, I will explain a lil bit about SMP.
USUALLY (not always!) the subject of a korean sentence will be the same as the subject of an english sentence.
What is subject? Subject is what is doing or being the verb/adjective. To make everything easy, rewrite the sentence as a question and ask yourself "Who/What is (verb)ing?" or "Who/What is (adjective)?"
Here, I will show you some examples:
종업이 자요 (Jongup-i ja-yo)
= Jongup is sleeping
Now, ask yourself, "Who is sleeping?" Well, of course Jongup is the one who is sleeping! Right? So now you can see that Jongup is the Subject of the sentence!
Before I move the next example, some pronouns change a bit when the become subjects:
저 (I **formal**) = 제가
나 (I **informal**) = 내가
너 (You **informal**) = 네가, pronounced and sometimes spelled as 니가.
If you didnt change it, it will sounds weird and ugly, like seriously.
네가 예뻐요 (ne-ga ye-ppeo-yo)
= You're pretty
Now ask yourself, "Who is pretty?". Of course "YOU" are pretty. You can see that YOU is the subject of the sentence.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
So whenever you have a shift in the conversation, you’ll use the topic marking particle instead of the subject marking particle. When the topic of the particle hasn’t changed, you won’t use the topic marking particle, you’ll just continue to use the subject marking particle. However in reality, especially in conversation, the subject marking particle can be easily omitted. This is especially true when the subject of the conversation is obvious to both parties.
Okay, i guess that's it. If you have questions, you can always nudge me! Just leave me questions in the comments or cbox/tagboard! And i'm sorry because i'm not good in english and explaining. So yeah.
Good luck studying! :)
Labels: hangul, korean, notes, topic and subject marking particles
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